English for nurse anesthetists in Indonesia: The needs analysis
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Published:
Oct 17, 2023
Keywords:
Needs Analysis, ESP, English for Nurse Anesthetists
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(1) * Ni Kadek Ary Susandi
Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
ESP is a language teaching approach that targets the current and future academic or work needs of students, focusing on language, skills, discourse, and genres needed to meet the needs through specific teaching and learning methodologies (Anthony, 2015). Thus, the most prominent feature in the design of ESP course is the syllabus based on the students' needs analysis (Basturkmen, 2010). This study aimed to find out the needs of students and lecturers in the Diploma IV of Nursing Anesthesiology also nurse anesthetists in hospitals to design the ESP syllabus for students of Nursing Anesthesiology course in Indonesia. The needs analysis was conducted by distributing a set of questionnaires to all participants. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and further analyzed based on the comprehensive concept of needs analysis by (Dudley-Evans, T., & St John, 1998). The results revealed that the skills most needed in the target career are speaking and listening. In addition, all the twenty-four topics listed in the questionnaire were regarded as important, including some materials on cultural topics. Based on these findings, it is necessary to develop the ESP course for Indonesian nurse anesthetists with the integration of some cultural materials to help the students developing their communication skills to achieve effective cross-cultural communication in their current academic and future career as nurse anesthetists. English educators teaching this ESP course are recommended to have a fair knowledge about nurse anesthetist and anesthesia-related topics and implement a suitable teaching method emphasizing on teaching effective cross-cultural communication.
HIGHLIGHTS:
- English was used significantly by the nurse anesthetists both in their academic and professional life, particularly spoken English.
- Along with speaking skills, a good listening skill is also vital, because effective communication between nurse anesthetist and patient requires not only the ability to speak but also to listen and comprehend the utterances spoken.
- Cultural topics and social skill merit to be included in the syllabus and exercised thoroughly in the learning activities to develop the learners’ communication skills to achieve interaction among cultures. Culturally competent nurse anesthetists will have the influence to improve the quality of anesthesia care leading to better health outcomes for culturally diverse patients.
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Susandi, N. K. A. (2023). English for nurse anesthetists in Indonesia: The needs analysis . JEES (Journal of English Educators Society), 8(2). https://doi.org/10.21070/jees.v8i2.1752
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Copyright (c) 2023 Ni Kadek Ary Susandi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Alsamadani, A. H. (2017). Needs Analysis in ESP Context: Saudi Engineering Students as a Case Study. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 8(6), 58. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.6p.58
Sudrajat, A. (2008). Pengertian Pendekatan, Strategi, Metode, Teknik dan Model Pembelajaran [Understanding Approaches, Strategies, Methods, Techniques and Learning Models]. In Bandung: Sinar Baru Algensindo. Sinar Baru Algensindo.
Anthony, L. (2015). The Changing Role and Importance of ESP in Asia. English as a Global Language Education, 1(11), 1–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.6294/EaGLE.2015.0101.01
Association of Indonesian Nurse Anesthetists. (2021). Overview: IPAI members in Indonesia. https://www.ikatanpenataanestesiindonesia.org/
Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia [Statistics Indonesia]. (2021). Jumlah Rumah Sakit Umum, Rumah Sakit Khusus, Puskesmas, Klinik Pratama, dan Posyandu Menurut Provinsi, 2021 [Number of General Hospital, Specialized Hospital, Public Health Center, Primary Clinic, and Integrated Health Post by Province, 2021]. https://www.bps.go.id/indikator/indikator/view_data_pub/0000/api_pub/biszcFRCUnVKUXNnTDZvWnA3ZWtyUT09/da_04/1
Basturkmen, H. (2010). Developing Courses in English for Specific Purposes. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230290518
Dick, W., & Carey, L. (1996). The Systematic Design of Instruction (4th ed.). Harper Collins College Publishers.
Dudley-Evans, T., & St John, M. (1998). Developments in ESP: A Multi-Diciplinary Approach. Cambridge University Press.
Flowerdew, L. (2012). Needs Analysis and Curriculum Development in ESP. In B. Paltridge & S. Starfield (Eds.), The Handbook of English for Specific Purposes (pp. 325–346). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118339855.ch17
Freihat, S., & Khalaf Al-Makhzoomi, J. (2012). An English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Course for Nursing Students in Jordan and the Role a Needs Analysis Played. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(7), 129–145. http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_7_April_2012/14.pdf
Gass, J. (2012). Needs Analysis and Situational Analysis: Designing an ESP Curriculum for Thai Nurses Josiane Gass Payap University. English for Specific Purposes World, 12(36).
Gatehouse, K. (2001). Key Issues in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Curriculum Development. The Internet TESL Journal, VII(10). http://iteslj.org/Articles/Gatehouse-ESP.html
Health Research & Educational Trust. (2013). Becoming a Culturally Competent Health. http://www.hpoe.org/becoming-culturally-competent
Hutchinson, T., & Waters, A. (1987). English for Specific Purposes. Cambridge University Press.
Indonesia Hospital Accreditation Commision. (2020). List of Accredited Hospital (Daftar Rumah Sakit Terakreditasi). http://akreditasi.kars.or.id/application/report/report_accredited.php
ITEKES Bali. (2020). Diploma IV of Nursing Anesthesiology. https://itekes-bali.ac.id/prodi_detail/div-keperawatan-anastesiologi
Laoriandee, W. (2021). Towards a balanced curriculum: A needs analysis of content topics and field trips for English for tourism. The Asian ESP Journal, 17(5), 231–258. https://www.asian-esp-journal.com/volume-17-issue-5-june-2021/
Li, X., & Fu, H. (2021). Needs Analysis on ESP Course for Business and Engineering Students in a Chinese Local University. Creative Education, 12(06), 1387–1396. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2021.126105
Macalister, J., & Nation, I. S. P. (2019). Language Curriculum Design. In Language Curriculum Design. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429203763
Miyake, M., & Tremarco, J. (2005). Needs analysis for nursing students utilizing questionnaires and interviews. Kawasaki Journal of Medical Welfare, 11(1), 23–34. https://i.kawasaki-m.ac.jp/mwsoc/journal/en/2005-e11-1/03_miyake.pdf
Novieastari, E., Gunawijaya, J., & Indracahyani, A. (2018). Pelatihan Asuhan Keperawatan Peka Budaya Efektif Meningkatkan Kompetensi Kultural Perawat [The Effectiveness of Culturaly Sensitive Nursing Care Training in Improving the Cultural Competence of Nurses]. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia [Journal of Nursing Indonesia], 21(1), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v21i1.484
Nunan, D. (1988). Syllabus Design. Oxford University Press.
Nurindah, Suhartini, L., & Nggawu, L. O. (2019). English for nursing purposes (enp): Investigating the students, academicians, and administrators language needs at mandala waluya health institution. Asian ESP Journal, 15(1), 248–271. https://www.asian-esp-journal.com/volume-15-issue-1-2-june-2019/%0D%0A%0D%0A
Orr, T. (1998). ESP for Japanese Universities: A Guide for Intelligent Reform. The Language Teacher, 22(11). https://jalt-publications.org/tlt/articles/2428-esp-japanese-universities-guide-intelligent-reform.
Richards, J. C. (2010). Curriculum Development in Language Teaching. In Curriculum Development in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511667220
Robinson, P. (2001). ESP Today: A Practitioner ‘s Guide. Prentice-Hall.
Siloam Hospitals Group. (2016). BIMC Siloam Nusa Dua. Siloam Hospitals.Com. https://bimcbali.com/news-update/bimc-passes-check.html
Sjarief, B. (2021). Can Bali Become a Global Medical Tourism Destination? Bali Now.
Stufflebeam, D. L., McCormick, C. H., Brinkerhoff, R. O., & Nelson, C. O. (1985). Conducting Educational Needs Assessments. In Conducting Educational Needs Assessments. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7807-5
Susandi, N. K., & Krishnawati, N. L. P. (2016). Needs Analysis : ESP Syllabus Design for Indonesian EFL. The Fourth International Seminar on English Language and Teaching (ISELT-4), 130–140. http://ejournal.unp.ac.id/index.php/selt/issue/view/753
Una, S. (2018). Needs analysis of English for specific purposes (development of economic English material based on Shariah Economy System). The Asian ESP Journal, 14, 39–59. https://www.asian-esp-journal.com/volume-14-issue-6-november-2018/
Wiersma, W., & Jurs, S. G. (2009). Research Methods in Education an Introduction. Pearson International Edition.
Yahya, A., Said, Y. R., & Masruddin. (2019). Developing Appropriate English Learning Materials for Syariah Economic Law Study Program Students at IAIN Palopo, Indonesia. The Asian ESP Journal, 15, 22–33. https://www.asian-esp-journal.com/volume-15-issue-1-2-june-2019/%0D%0A%0D%0A
Alsamadani, A. H. (2017). Needs Analysis in ESP Context: Saudi Engineering Students as a Case Study. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 8(6), 58. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.6p.58
Sudrajat, A. (2008). Pengertian Pendekatan, Strategi, Metode, Teknik dan Model Pembelajaran [Understanding Approaches, Strategies, Methods, Techniques and Learning Models]. In Bandung: Sinar Baru Algensindo. Sinar Baru Algensindo.
Anthony, L. (2015). The Changing Role and Importance of ESP in Asia. English as a Global Language Education, 1(11), 1–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.6294/EaGLE.2015.0101.01
Association of Indonesian Nurse Anesthetists. (2021). Overview: IPAI members in Indonesia. https://www.ikatanpenataanestesiindonesia.org/
Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia [Statistics Indonesia]. (2021). Jumlah Rumah Sakit Umum, Rumah Sakit Khusus, Puskesmas, Klinik Pratama, dan Posyandu Menurut Provinsi, 2021 [Number of General Hospital, Specialized Hospital, Public Health Center, Primary Clinic, and Integrated Health Post by Province, 2021]. https://www.bps.go.id/indikator/indikator/view_data_pub/0000/api_pub/biszcFRCUnVKUXNnTDZvWnA3ZWtyUT09/da_04/1
Basturkmen, H. (2010). Developing Courses in English for Specific Purposes. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230290518
Dick, W., & Carey, L. (1996). The Systematic Design of Instruction (4th ed.). Harper Collins College Publishers.
Dudley-Evans, T., & St John, M. (1998). Developments in ESP: A Multi-Diciplinary Approach. Cambridge University Press.
Flowerdew, L. (2012). Needs Analysis and Curriculum Development in ESP. In B. Paltridge & S. Starfield (Eds.), The Handbook of English for Specific Purposes (pp. 325–346). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118339855.ch17
Freihat, S., & Khalaf Al-Makhzoomi, J. (2012). An English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Course for Nursing Students in Jordan and the Role a Needs Analysis Played. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(7), 129–145. http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_7_April_2012/14.pdf
Gass, J. (2012). Needs Analysis and Situational Analysis: Designing an ESP Curriculum for Thai Nurses Josiane Gass Payap University. English for Specific Purposes World, 12(36).
Gatehouse, K. (2001). Key Issues in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Curriculum Development. The Internet TESL Journal, VII(10). http://iteslj.org/Articles/Gatehouse-ESP.html
Health Research & Educational Trust. (2013). Becoming a Culturally Competent Health. http://www.hpoe.org/becoming-culturally-competent
Hutchinson, T., & Waters, A. (1987). English for Specific Purposes. Cambridge University Press.
Indonesia Hospital Accreditation Commision. (2020). List of Accredited Hospital (Daftar Rumah Sakit Terakreditasi). http://akreditasi.kars.or.id/application/report/report_accredited.php
ITEKES Bali. (2020). Diploma IV of Nursing Anesthesiology. https://itekes-bali.ac.id/prodi_detail/div-keperawatan-anastesiologi
Laoriandee, W. (2021). Towards a balanced curriculum: A needs analysis of content topics and field trips for English for tourism. The Asian ESP Journal, 17(5), 231–258. https://www.asian-esp-journal.com/volume-17-issue-5-june-2021/
Li, X., & Fu, H. (2021). Needs Analysis on ESP Course for Business and Engineering Students in a Chinese Local University. Creative Education, 12(06), 1387–1396. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2021.126105
Macalister, J., & Nation, I. S. P. (2019). Language Curriculum Design. In Language Curriculum Design. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429203763
Miyake, M., & Tremarco, J. (2005). Needs analysis for nursing students utilizing questionnaires and interviews. Kawasaki Journal of Medical Welfare, 11(1), 23–34. https://i.kawasaki-m.ac.jp/mwsoc/journal/en/2005-e11-1/03_miyake.pdf
Novieastari, E., Gunawijaya, J., & Indracahyani, A. (2018). Pelatihan Asuhan Keperawatan Peka Budaya Efektif Meningkatkan Kompetensi Kultural Perawat [The Effectiveness of Culturaly Sensitive Nursing Care Training in Improving the Cultural Competence of Nurses]. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia [Journal of Nursing Indonesia], 21(1), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v21i1.484
Nunan, D. (1988). Syllabus Design. Oxford University Press.
Nurindah, Suhartini, L., & Nggawu, L. O. (2019). English for nursing purposes (enp): Investigating the students, academicians, and administrators language needs at mandala waluya health institution. Asian ESP Journal, 15(1), 248–271. https://www.asian-esp-journal.com/volume-15-issue-1-2-june-2019/%0D%0A%0D%0A
Orr, T. (1998). ESP for Japanese Universities: A Guide for Intelligent Reform. The Language Teacher, 22(11). https://jalt-publications.org/tlt/articles/2428-esp-japanese-universities-guide-intelligent-reform.
Richards, J. C. (2010). Curriculum Development in Language Teaching. In Curriculum Development in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511667220
Robinson, P. (2001). ESP Today: A Practitioner ‘s Guide. Prentice-Hall.
Siloam Hospitals Group. (2016). BIMC Siloam Nusa Dua. Siloam Hospitals.Com. https://bimcbali.com/news-update/bimc-passes-check.html
Sjarief, B. (2021). Can Bali Become a Global Medical Tourism Destination? Bali Now.
Stufflebeam, D. L., McCormick, C. H., Brinkerhoff, R. O., & Nelson, C. O. (1985). Conducting Educational Needs Assessments. In Conducting Educational Needs Assessments. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7807-5
Susandi, N. K., & Krishnawati, N. L. P. (2016). Needs Analysis : ESP Syllabus Design for Indonesian EFL. The Fourth International Seminar on English Language and Teaching (ISELT-4), 130–140. http://ejournal.unp.ac.id/index.php/selt/issue/view/753
Una, S. (2018). Needs analysis of English for specific purposes (development of economic English material based on Shariah Economy System). The Asian ESP Journal, 14, 39–59. https://www.asian-esp-journal.com/volume-14-issue-6-november-2018/
Wiersma, W., & Jurs, S. G. (2009). Research Methods in Education an Introduction. Pearson International Edition.
Yahya, A., Said, Y. R., & Masruddin. (2019). Developing Appropriate English Learning Materials for Syariah Economic Law Study Program Students at IAIN Palopo, Indonesia. The Asian ESP Journal, 15, 22–33. https://www.asian-esp-journal.com/volume-15-issue-1-2-june-2019/%0D%0A%0D%0A
Sudrajat, A. (2008). Pengertian Pendekatan, Strategi, Metode, Teknik dan Model Pembelajaran [Understanding Approaches, Strategies, Methods, Techniques and Learning Models]. In Bandung: Sinar Baru Algensindo. Sinar Baru Algensindo.
Anthony, L. (2015). The Changing Role and Importance of ESP in Asia. English as a Global Language Education, 1(11), 1–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.6294/EaGLE.2015.0101.01
Association of Indonesian Nurse Anesthetists. (2021). Overview: IPAI members in Indonesia. https://www.ikatanpenataanestesiindonesia.org/
Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia [Statistics Indonesia]. (2021). Jumlah Rumah Sakit Umum, Rumah Sakit Khusus, Puskesmas, Klinik Pratama, dan Posyandu Menurut Provinsi, 2021 [Number of General Hospital, Specialized Hospital, Public Health Center, Primary Clinic, and Integrated Health Post by Province, 2021]. https://www.bps.go.id/indikator/indikator/view_data_pub/0000/api_pub/biszcFRCUnVKUXNnTDZvWnA3ZWtyUT09/da_04/1
Basturkmen, H. (2010). Developing Courses in English for Specific Purposes. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230290518
Dick, W., & Carey, L. (1996). The Systematic Design of Instruction (4th ed.). Harper Collins College Publishers.
Dudley-Evans, T., & St John, M. (1998). Developments in ESP: A Multi-Diciplinary Approach. Cambridge University Press.
Flowerdew, L. (2012). Needs Analysis and Curriculum Development in ESP. In B. Paltridge & S. Starfield (Eds.), The Handbook of English for Specific Purposes (pp. 325–346). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118339855.ch17
Freihat, S., & Khalaf Al-Makhzoomi, J. (2012). An English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Course for Nursing Students in Jordan and the Role a Needs Analysis Played. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(7), 129–145. http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_7_April_2012/14.pdf
Gass, J. (2012). Needs Analysis and Situational Analysis: Designing an ESP Curriculum for Thai Nurses Josiane Gass Payap University. English for Specific Purposes World, 12(36).
Gatehouse, K. (2001). Key Issues in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Curriculum Development. The Internet TESL Journal, VII(10). http://iteslj.org/Articles/Gatehouse-ESP.html
Health Research & Educational Trust. (2013). Becoming a Culturally Competent Health. http://www.hpoe.org/becoming-culturally-competent
Hutchinson, T., & Waters, A. (1987). English for Specific Purposes. Cambridge University Press.
Indonesia Hospital Accreditation Commision. (2020). List of Accredited Hospital (Daftar Rumah Sakit Terakreditasi). http://akreditasi.kars.or.id/application/report/report_accredited.php
ITEKES Bali. (2020). Diploma IV of Nursing Anesthesiology. https://itekes-bali.ac.id/prodi_detail/div-keperawatan-anastesiologi
Laoriandee, W. (2021). Towards a balanced curriculum: A needs analysis of content topics and field trips for English for tourism. The Asian ESP Journal, 17(5), 231–258. https://www.asian-esp-journal.com/volume-17-issue-5-june-2021/
Li, X., & Fu, H. (2021). Needs Analysis on ESP Course for Business and Engineering Students in a Chinese Local University. Creative Education, 12(06), 1387–1396. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2021.126105
Macalister, J., & Nation, I. S. P. (2019). Language Curriculum Design. In Language Curriculum Design. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429203763
Miyake, M., & Tremarco, J. (2005). Needs analysis for nursing students utilizing questionnaires and interviews. Kawasaki Journal of Medical Welfare, 11(1), 23–34. https://i.kawasaki-m.ac.jp/mwsoc/journal/en/2005-e11-1/03_miyake.pdf
Novieastari, E., Gunawijaya, J., & Indracahyani, A. (2018). Pelatihan Asuhan Keperawatan Peka Budaya Efektif Meningkatkan Kompetensi Kultural Perawat [The Effectiveness of Culturaly Sensitive Nursing Care Training in Improving the Cultural Competence of Nurses]. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia [Journal of Nursing Indonesia], 21(1), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v21i1.484
Nunan, D. (1988). Syllabus Design. Oxford University Press.
Nurindah, Suhartini, L., & Nggawu, L. O. (2019). English for nursing purposes (enp): Investigating the students, academicians, and administrators language needs at mandala waluya health institution. Asian ESP Journal, 15(1), 248–271. https://www.asian-esp-journal.com/volume-15-issue-1-2-june-2019/%0D%0A%0D%0A
Orr, T. (1998). ESP for Japanese Universities: A Guide for Intelligent Reform. The Language Teacher, 22(11). https://jalt-publications.org/tlt/articles/2428-esp-japanese-universities-guide-intelligent-reform.
Richards, J. C. (2010). Curriculum Development in Language Teaching. In Curriculum Development in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511667220
Robinson, P. (2001). ESP Today: A Practitioner ‘s Guide. Prentice-Hall.
Siloam Hospitals Group. (2016). BIMC Siloam Nusa Dua. Siloam Hospitals.Com. https://bimcbali.com/news-update/bimc-passes-check.html
Sjarief, B. (2021). Can Bali Become a Global Medical Tourism Destination? Bali Now.
Stufflebeam, D. L., McCormick, C. H., Brinkerhoff, R. O., & Nelson, C. O. (1985). Conducting Educational Needs Assessments. In Conducting Educational Needs Assessments. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7807-5
Susandi, N. K., & Krishnawati, N. L. P. (2016). Needs Analysis : ESP Syllabus Design for Indonesian EFL. The Fourth International Seminar on English Language and Teaching (ISELT-4), 130–140. http://ejournal.unp.ac.id/index.php/selt/issue/view/753
Una, S. (2018). Needs analysis of English for specific purposes (development of economic English material based on Shariah Economy System). The Asian ESP Journal, 14, 39–59. https://www.asian-esp-journal.com/volume-14-issue-6-november-2018/
Wiersma, W., & Jurs, S. G. (2009). Research Methods in Education an Introduction. Pearson International Edition.
Yahya, A., Said, Y. R., & Masruddin. (2019). Developing Appropriate English Learning Materials for Syariah Economic Law Study Program Students at IAIN Palopo, Indonesia. The Asian ESP Journal, 15, 22–33. https://www.asian-esp-journal.com/volume-15-issue-1-2-june-2019/%0D%0A%0D%0A
Alsamadani, A. H. (2017). Needs Analysis in ESP Context: Saudi Engineering Students as a Case Study. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 8(6), 58. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.6p.58
Sudrajat, A. (2008). Pengertian Pendekatan, Strategi, Metode, Teknik dan Model Pembelajaran [Understanding Approaches, Strategies, Methods, Techniques and Learning Models]. In Bandung: Sinar Baru Algensindo. Sinar Baru Algensindo.
Anthony, L. (2015). The Changing Role and Importance of ESP in Asia. English as a Global Language Education, 1(11), 1–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.6294/EaGLE.2015.0101.01
Association of Indonesian Nurse Anesthetists. (2021). Overview: IPAI members in Indonesia. https://www.ikatanpenataanestesiindonesia.org/
Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia [Statistics Indonesia]. (2021). Jumlah Rumah Sakit Umum, Rumah Sakit Khusus, Puskesmas, Klinik Pratama, dan Posyandu Menurut Provinsi, 2021 [Number of General Hospital, Specialized Hospital, Public Health Center, Primary Clinic, and Integrated Health Post by Province, 2021]. https://www.bps.go.id/indikator/indikator/view_data_pub/0000/api_pub/biszcFRCUnVKUXNnTDZvWnA3ZWtyUT09/da_04/1
Basturkmen, H. (2010). Developing Courses in English for Specific Purposes. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230290518
Dick, W., & Carey, L. (1996). The Systematic Design of Instruction (4th ed.). Harper Collins College Publishers.
Dudley-Evans, T., & St John, M. (1998). Developments in ESP: A Multi-Diciplinary Approach. Cambridge University Press.
Flowerdew, L. (2012). Needs Analysis and Curriculum Development in ESP. In B. Paltridge & S. Starfield (Eds.), The Handbook of English for Specific Purposes (pp. 325–346). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118339855.ch17
Freihat, S., & Khalaf Al-Makhzoomi, J. (2012). An English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Course for Nursing Students in Jordan and the Role a Needs Analysis Played. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(7), 129–145. http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_7_April_2012/14.pdf
Gass, J. (2012). Needs Analysis and Situational Analysis: Designing an ESP Curriculum for Thai Nurses Josiane Gass Payap University. English for Specific Purposes World, 12(36).
Gatehouse, K. (2001). Key Issues in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Curriculum Development. The Internet TESL Journal, VII(10). http://iteslj.org/Articles/Gatehouse-ESP.html
Health Research & Educational Trust. (2013). Becoming a Culturally Competent Health. http://www.hpoe.org/becoming-culturally-competent
Hutchinson, T., & Waters, A. (1987). English for Specific Purposes. Cambridge University Press.
Indonesia Hospital Accreditation Commision. (2020). List of Accredited Hospital (Daftar Rumah Sakit Terakreditasi). http://akreditasi.kars.or.id/application/report/report_accredited.php
ITEKES Bali. (2020). Diploma IV of Nursing Anesthesiology. https://itekes-bali.ac.id/prodi_detail/div-keperawatan-anastesiologi
Laoriandee, W. (2021). Towards a balanced curriculum: A needs analysis of content topics and field trips for English for tourism. The Asian ESP Journal, 17(5), 231–258. https://www.asian-esp-journal.com/volume-17-issue-5-june-2021/
Li, X., & Fu, H. (2021). Needs Analysis on ESP Course for Business and Engineering Students in a Chinese Local University. Creative Education, 12(06), 1387–1396. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2021.126105
Macalister, J., & Nation, I. S. P. (2019). Language Curriculum Design. In Language Curriculum Design. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429203763
Miyake, M., & Tremarco, J. (2005). Needs analysis for nursing students utilizing questionnaires and interviews. Kawasaki Journal of Medical Welfare, 11(1), 23–34. https://i.kawasaki-m.ac.jp/mwsoc/journal/en/2005-e11-1/03_miyake.pdf
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