Student’s strategies in online autonomous English language learning
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Published:
Apr 3, 2021
Keywords:
Autonomy, Language Learning, Online Technology, Strategy
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(1) * Nina Inayati
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Indonesia
(2) Rachyani Ayulis Rachmadhani
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Indonesia
(3) Berliana Nurmustika Utami
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
This study investigates the integration of online technology by English language learners, especially those done in autonomous learning. To be more specific, this study aims to discover how systematic is students’ strategies in online autonomous language learning and the supports they expect from the educational institutions and teachers/lecturers in terms of conducting effective online autonomous learning. This study mainly employs survey design which is supported by interview. The population of the study was the undergraduate students of English Language Education Department in a private university in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The findings suggest that learners were less systematic in their strategy use when conducting autonomous language learning. They showed lack of long term goal setting and reported difficulty in evaluation, and mostly resort to short term planning, resource finding and execution of learning. For the reasons, avoidance of classroom-like feeling and not knowing how to evaluate was repeatedly noted. Further, they also reported high expectation of teachers and institutions’ support and assistance in conducting autonomous language learning. The current study and some previous studies in the area have noted that learners tend to consider goal setting and evaluation as teachers’ areas, influenced by the fixed curriculum imposed in schools and university. As such, some flexibility in curriculum enactment is proposed and stronger intervention by teachers and institutions to support learners’ autonomy are proposed.
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Inayati, N., Rachmadhani, R. A., & Utami, B. N. (2021). Student’s strategies in online autonomous English language learning. JEES (Journal of English Educators Society), 6(1), 59-67. https://doi.org/10.21070/jees.v6i1.1035
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Copyright (c) 2021 Nina Inayati, Rachyani Ayulis Rachmadhani, Berliana Nurmustika Utami
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Selwyn, N. (2009). The digital native - myth and reality. Aslib Proceedings: New Information Perspectives, 61(4), 364–379. https://doi.org/10.1108/00012530910973776
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Warschauer, M., & Liaw, M. (2011). Emerging technologies for autonomous language learning. Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 2(3), 107–118.
Wong, L. L. C., & Nunan, D. (2011). The learning styles and strategies of effective language learners. System, 39(2), 144–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2011.05.004
Xu, L. (2015). A Study on College English Teachers’ Role in Developing Learner Autonomy. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 5(2), 435. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0502.27
Zakaria, N. L., Aziz, A. A., & Ramayah, K. (2017). Language learning strategies and learner autonomy in learning Japanese. Journal of Advanced Research in Social and Behavioural Sciences, 9(3), 50–60.
Ary, D., Jacobs, L, C., Sorensen, C., & Razavieh, A. (2010). Introduction to Research in Education (8th ed.). Wardswoth Cengage Learning. Canada: Nelson Education Ltd Exotic Classic.
Benson, P. (2006). Autonomy in language teaching and learning. Language Teaching, 40(1), 21–40. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444806003958
Benson, P. (2013). Teaching and researching: Autonomy in language learning. Routledge
Bravo, J. C., Intriago, E. A., Holguin, J. V., Garzon, G. M., & Arcia, L. O. (2017). Motivation and Autonomy in Learning English as Foreign Language: A Case Study of Ecuadorian College Students. English Language Teaching, 10(2), 100. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n2p100
Çetinavcı, U. R., & Kartal, E. (2014). Autonomous language learning strategies of Turkish foreign language teacher trainees in view of receptive and productive skills development. Language, 55–68.
Chang, C. H., & Liu, H. J. (2013). Language learning strategy use and language learning motivation of Taiwanese EFL university students. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 10(2), 196–209.
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (4th, revised ed.). Pearson Education.
Demouy, V., Jones, A., Kan, Q., Kulkuska-Hulme, A., & Eardley, A. (2015). Why and how do distance learners use mobile devices for language learning? The EUROCALL Review, 23(2), 10–24.
Forsythe, E. (2013). Autonomous language learning with technology. The JALT CALL Journal, 9(3), 329–337.
Fink, A. (2013). How to conduct surveys. Sage Publications.
Fu, & Wang. (2020). Developing College Students ’ English Autonomous Learning through WeChat Public Platform. 942–952. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2020.116068
Genç, G. (2015). International Journal of Languages’ Education and Teaching AUTONOMOUS LEARNING CAPACITY OF EFL STUDENT TEACHERS 1 Gülten GENÇ International Journal of Languages’ Education and Teaching. International Journal of Languages’ Education and Teaching, 3(2), 23–42.
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2006). SPSS for Windows step by step: a simple guide and reference. Allyn and Bacon.
Hardan, A. A. (2013). Language Learning Strategies: A General Overview. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 106, 1712–1726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.194
Hsieh, H. C., & Hsieh, H. L. (2019). Undergraduates’ out-of-class learning: Exploring EFL students’ autonomous learning behaviors and their usage of resources. Education Sciences, 9(3), 12–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci9030159
Hyland, F. (2004). Learning autonomously: Contextualising out-of-class english language learning. Language Awareness, 13(3), 180–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658410408667094
Inayati, N. (2014). English Language Teachers ’ Attitude Towards Social Media in Higher Education : Indonesian Perspective. 777–790.
Inayati, N. (2015). Promoting English Independent Study for EFL University Students in Indonesia. Language Education in Asia, 6(1), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.5746/leia/15/v6/i1/a5/inayati
Inayati, N. (2016). Integrating English Independent Study in Pronunciation Course. In PROCEEDINGS The 63rd TEFLIN International Conference 2016 Creativity and Innovation in Language Materials Development and Language Teaching Methodology in Asia and Beyond
Jafari, S., Ketabi, S., & Tavakoli, M. (2017). Advanced and intermediate EFL learners’ perceptions and practices of autonomous learning. ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 168(1), 70–90. https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.168.1.03jaf
Karakaş, A., & KArtal, G. (2020). Pre-Service Language Teachers’ Autonomous Language Learning with Web 2.0 Tools and Mobile Applications. International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction 12(1), 12(1), 51–79.
Karjalainen, K., Pörn, M., Rusk, F., & Björkskog, L. (2013). Classroom tandem - Outlining a model for language learning and instruction. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 6(1), 165–184.
Khotimah, K., Widiati, U., Mustofa, M., & Faruq Ubaidillah, M. (2019). Autonomous English learning: Teachers’ and students’ perceptions. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9(2), 371–381.https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v9i2.20234
Lai, C. (2015). Modeling teachers’ influence on learners’ self-directed use of technology for language learning outside the classroom. Computers and Education, 82, 74–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.11.005
Lai, C., & Gu, M. (2011). Self-regulated out-of-class language learning with technology. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 24(4), 317–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2011.568417
Mutlu, A., & Eröz-Tuǧa, B. (2013). The role of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) in promoting learner autonomy. In Egitim Arastirmalari - Eurasian Journal of Educational Research (Issue 51, pp. 107–122).
Nguyen, H., & Terry, D. R. (2017). English Learning Strategies among EFL Learners: A Narrative Approach. IAFOR Journal of Language Learning, 3(1), 4–19. https://doi.org/10.22492/ijll.3.1.01
Reinders, H. (2010). Towards a classroom pedagogy for learner autonomy: A framework of independent language learning skills. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 35(5), 40–55. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2010v35n5.4
Scheb-Buenner, P. (2019). University Students’ Perception on Autonomous Learning: A Case of Private University, Thailand. In ICES 2018: The 1st International Conference on English Studies Organizing Committee (p. 321).
Selwyn, N. (2009). The digital native - myth and reality. Aslib Proceedings: New Information Perspectives, 61(4), 364–379. https://doi.org/10.1108/00012530910973776
Sockett, G. (2014). The Online Informal Learning of English. In The Online Informal Learning of English. Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137414885
Wahyuni, S., Mujiyanto, J., Rukmini, D., Fitriati, S. W., & Handoyo, B. (2020). Integrating edmodo into english instruction: Students’ perceptions and its contribution to autonomous learning. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9(2), 1590–1595. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21102.56649
Warschauer, M., & Liaw, M. (2011). Emerging technologies for autonomous language learning. Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 2(3), 107–118.
Wong, L. L. C., & Nunan, D. (2011). The learning styles and strategies of effective language learners. System, 39(2), 144–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2011.05.004
Xu, L. (2015). A Study on College English Teachers’ Role in Developing Learner Autonomy. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 5(2), 435. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0502.27
Zakaria, N. L., Aziz, A. A., & Ramayah, K. (2017). Language learning strategies and learner autonomy in learning Japanese. Journal of Advanced Research in Social and Behavioural Sciences, 9(3), 50–60.